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1945 Vannevar Bush writes an article in Atlantic Monthly about a photo-electrical-mechanical device called a Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between documents on microfiche 1957 USSR launches Sputnik, first artificial earth satellite. In response, US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the following year, within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military (:amk:) 1958 In response, U.S. forms the ARPA within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military. 1960s Doug Engelbart prototypes an "oNLine System" (NLS) which does hypertext browsing editing, email, and so on. He invents the mouse for this purpose. 1967 Andy van Dam and others build the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS. 1969 ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) goes online in December, connecting four major U.S. universities. Designed for research, education, and government organizations, it provides a communications network linking the country in the event that a military attack destroys conventional communications systems. 1972 ARPANET a worldwide network created in the 1960s that was maintained by the US Department of Defense to facilitate communications btwn research facilities and universities. April 1972: Telnet is born. July 1972: The first Internet email message is sent and the beloved @ symbol is born 1973 -- Global Networking becomes a reality  · First international connections to the ARPANET: University College of London (England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway)  · Ethernet outlined -- this how local networks are basically connected today.  · Internet ideas started.  · Gateway architecture sketched on back of envelope in hotel lobby in San Francisco. Gateways define how large networks (maybe of different architecture) can be connected together. February 1973: FTP is born 1976-AT&T Bell Labs developed Unix-to-Unix Copy Protocol (UUCP). 1977 -- E-mail takes off, Internet becomes a reality  · Number of hosts breaks 100.  · THEORYNET provides electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science (using a locally developed E-mail system and TELENET for access to server).  · Mail specification  · First demonstration of ARPANET/Packet Radio Net/SATNET operation of Internet protocols over gateways. April 1979: Emoticons/Smileys :-) are born. 1979: USENET (newsgroups) is established, along with the first MUD (Multi-User Dungeon). 1979 -- News Groups born  · Computer Science Department research computer network established in USA. USENET established using UUCP. October 1980: The first virus attacks! 1980 ARPANET grinds to a complete halt on 27 October because of an accidentally-propagated status-message virus